Miliyoni z’abayisilamu ku Isi no mu Rwanda barizihiza umunsi mukuru wa Eid al-Adha.
Idi, Irayidi cyangwa Eid, ni umwe mu minsi ikomeye ku ngengabihe ya Islam.
Irayidi ni iki?
Irayidi iba ku mpera y’igisibo gitagatifu cya Ramadan – ukwezi ko gusenga no kwiyiriza.
Izina “Eid al-Fitr” risobanuye “uguhimbaza guhagarika kwiyiriza”. Nko ku itangiriro rya Ramadan, Irayidi itangira ku mboneko nshya y’ukwezi.
Haba iki ku Irayidi?
Abayisilamu benshi bajya mu isengesho rya kare mu gitondo.
Ni umugenzo kwambara imyenda mishya, kurya ibiryo biryoshye, no gusubiramo isengesho ryitwa takbeer.
Mbere y’isengesho ry’Irayidi, Abasilamu basabwa gutanga imfashanyo yitwa zakaat al fitr yo gufasha umukene.
Abantu benshi bishimira gusangira ifunguro rinini n’inshuti n’imiryango, no guhana impano – mu bihugu byinshi ku Irayidi ni umunsi w’ikiruhuko.
Niba ushaka kwifuriza umuntu irayidi nziza, uramuramutsa uti: “Eid Mubarak”.
Ramadan yo ni iki?
Ramadan ni izina ry’icyarabu rivuga ukwezi kwa cyenda ku ngengabihe/ikirangaminsi ya kisilamu.
Gufatwa nk’ukwezi gutagatifu kurusha ayandi ya kisilamu.
Uku kwezi kandi ni kumwe mu nkingi eshanu za Islam. Ayo ni amahame atanu y’ibikorwa Abayisilamu bemera ko byategetswe n’Imana.
Abayisilamu bemera ko imwe mu mirongo ya mbere y’igitabo gitagatifu, Qu’ran, yahishuriwe Intumwa Muhammad mu kwezi kwa Ramadan. Muri uku kwezi gusubiramo Qu’ran byongerwamo imbaraga.
Kwiyiriza bifatwa nk’igikorwa cyo gusenga, bigafasha umusilamu kumva ari hafi y’Imana no kugira intege za roho ndetse n’ikinyabupfura bwite.
Ibi bikorwa bite?
Abasilamu bafata ifunguro kare cyane mu butaratandukana, iryo ryitwa suhoor cyangwa sehri.
Bakiyiriza amanywa yose kugeza izuba rirenze aho bashobora kongera gufata ifunguro, ryitwa ifatr cyangwa fitoor.
Ramadan kandi ni igihe Abayisilamu basabwa gufasha abakene, gukomeza umubano wabo n’Imana, kugira ubugwaneza no kwihangana.
Muri uko kwezi, abemera bajya kandi ku musigiti ku masengesho ya nimugoroba yitwa Taraweeh. Aya aba gusa mu gihe cya Ramadan.
Amatariki y’Irayidi na Ramadan agenwa ate?
Ingengabihe ya kisilamu igendera ku ngengabihe y’ukwezi igizwe n’amezi 12.
Ukwezi kwa Ramadan ni ukwa cyenda k’umwaka, Irayidi igera ku ntangiriro y’ukwezi kwa 10, Shawwal.
Buri kwezi gutangira ku mboneko y’igisate cy’ukwezi (crescent) kukamara iminsi 29 cyangwa 30.
Mu gihe cya kera, ibi byakorwaga barebesheje ijisho gusa, ariko mu myaka ya vuba, indebakure (telescope) n’ikoranabuhanga byagiye bikoreshwa.
Ibihugu bigendera ku mahame ya Islam biri ku ntera nini ku isi, kuva muri Indonesia kugera muri Maroc, bivuze ko Abasilamu bamwe bashobora kubona ukwezi gushya mbere y’abandi.
Ingengabihe y’ukwezi ubusanzwe iri munsi ho iminsi 10 ingengabihe ya Gregori ikoreshwa henshi ku isi. Bivuze ko buri mwaka Ramadan itangira iminsi 10 mbere.
Ni nde wiyiriza muri Ramadan?
Kwiyiriza bigomba gukorwa gusa n’umuntu ufite amagara mazima.
Abayisilamu bamwe bemerewe kudasiba:
- Abarwaye n’abandi bagirwaho ingaruka no kwiyiriza
- Abana – nubwo bamwe bashobora gutangira kwitoza kwiyiriza bakiri bato
- Abagore batwite n’abonsa
- Abagore bari mu mihango
- Abantu bari ku rugendo
Eid al-Adha yo ni iki?
Nubwo Eid al-Fitr ari wo munsi uzwi cyane – umunsi w’ikiruhuko mu Rwanda – si wo munsi wonyine wizihizwaho irayidi ku ngengabihe ya kisilamu.
Eid al-Adha wizihizwa mu kwezi kwa Dhul-Hijjah. Uku ni ukwezi Abasilamu babishoboye bo ku isi bakora umutambagiro mutagatifu i Makkah uzwi nka Hajj.
